By Abdi Ali
Published March 1, 2016
South Africa, France, Britain and Zambia are the four leading countries in economic crime in the world in 2016.
Global Economic Crime Survey, a biennial report by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC), says South African organisations reported the highest frequency in the incidence of economic crime in the world. More than two in three organisations over 24 months indicated they had been victim to economic crime.
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“Economic crime remains a serious challenge to business leaders, government officials and private individuals in South Africa. In this survey, we have found that the trend has remained unchanged from 2014, with 69% of South African respondents reporting that they had experienced economic crime in the last two years,” says Louis Strydom, Forensic Services Leader for PwC Africa. “When compared to the global statistic of 36%, we are faced with the stark reality that economic crime is at a pandemic level in South Africa. No sector or region is immune from economic crime.”
Sixty-eight percent of French and 55% of UK respondents also reported high increases in the rate of economic crime in the past 24 months, both up 25% when compared to 2014. Sixty-one percent of Zambian respondents reported economic crime, up 31% over 2014.
According to the survey findings, South Africans also exhibited significantly low levels of confidence in local law enforcement agencies, with 70% of organisations believing agencies are inadequately resourced and trained to investigate and fight economic crime. This is almost twice the global rate of 44%.
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The 2016 Global Economic Crime Survey interviewed 6,337 participants in 115 countries. In South Africa, 232 organisations from a broad spectrum of industries took part in the survey.
The survey found that asset misappropriation remains the most prevalent form of economic crime reported by 68% of respondents. It is followed by procurement fraud (41%), and bribery and corruption (37%). Cybercrime has risen to the fourth most reported type of economic crime in South Africa (up two places from 2014), with 32% of organisations affected, on par with the global average.
Globally, the overall rate of economic crime reported has fallen for the first year since the financial crisis, but only marginally; to 36% from 37% in 2014. Regionally, lower levels of economic crime are reported in North America (37% vs 41%), Eastern Europe (33% vs 39%), Asia Pacific (30% vs 32%)) and Latin America (28% vs 35%). The rate of economic crime rose in Africa (57% vs 50%), Western Europe (40% vs 35%) and the Middle East (25% vs 21%).
While more than half of the global organisations surveyed reported having lost less than $100 000 to economic crime over the last 24 months, only 43% of South African organisations could make that claim.
For the first time since 2009, external actors exceeded internal actors as the dominant profile of fraudsters acting against an organisation (46% external versus 45% internal). South African organisations were reported to be more than twice as likely to be defrauded by vendors compared to the rest of the world. Reports of senior management perpetrating economic crimes against the organisations they work for more than halved from the previous survey (from 41% to 15%), while middle management appear to have taken centre stage, with 39% of fraud being perpetrated by internal actors emerging from this band.
Cyber crime incidents reported were up 23%when compared to the previous survey conducted in 2014. More than half of organisations (57%) believe it is likely that their organisations will experience cybercrime in the next 24 months. Most companies are still not adequately prepared for, or even understand the risks faced, with only 35% of organisations reporting they have a fully operational cyber incident response plan in place. It is concerning to note that should a cyber crisis arise, only 34% of organisations have personnel that are fully trained to act as first responders, and 20% of companies indicated that they will make use of outsourced personnel.
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Over half (56%) of South African respondents say that top management would rather allow a business transaction to fail than have to use bribery and corruption . Fifteen percent of respondents that hailed from mainly the private sector organisations had been asked to pay a bribe in the past two years, and another 12% believe they lost an opportunity to a competitor that may have paid a bribe. More than half of South African respondents believe it is likely that they will experience bribery and corruption in the next two years.
Poor data quality and skills shortages are undermining the efficacy of anti-money laundering (AML) systems. Only 50% of money laundering and terrorist-financing incidents in financial services organisations were detected by system alerts. One in three South African organisations experienced difficulty in sourcing personnel with skills in the areas of anti-money laundering/combating the financing of terrorism. More than a third of financial services respondents that have undergone inspections by regulators had to address major findings.
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Overall, the report finds that business detection and response plans are not keeping pace with the level and range of threats now facing organisations, with a potential trend of too much being left to chance.
Trevor White, partner, Forensic Services and Global Survey Leader, PwC says: “While it is a positive sign that there has been increased detection by means of whistleblowing hotlines, far too much, is being left to chance by organisations – economic crimes discovered by accident more than doubled from 6% in 2014 to 14% in 2016. Another eight percent of survey respondents could not even tell us how serious economic crimes against their organisations were detected.”
